| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
1- Introduction In recent years the development of cities, have been created changes in the climate. Such changes, the sustainability of the natural environment and the rate people's health is affected, especially in cities. If the human body to be in an environment warmer than the the skin surface, begin to absorb the heat, and in the colder environment, gradually loses its heat. In addition, the air moisture has affecte on evaporation capacity and amount of cooling by evapotranspiration. At 20 to 25 degrees Celsius, the air humidity almost no effect on human and relative humidity of 30 to 85 percent, practically not felt. At more than 25 ° C, the effect of air humidity on the human being gradually increased. Because the hot and humid conditions evaporation and transpiration of Human body had reduces and lead to nervous tension. On the other hand dry air also creates problems for the respiratory mucosa (Kasmaee, 2103). Increasing duration of the heat also has a significant impact on the daily mortality (Laschewski, 2002). Duration of cold and heat also has affects on resonance of some diseases. So that in tropical climates, coronary heart disease during cold periods has shown a significant increase (Barnett et al., 2004). In the present study, Kermanshah bioclimatic conditions were identified using several indicators. Relationship between bioclimatic conditions that determined by each of those indices with cardiovascular disease admissions in Kermanshah was evaluated individually. 2- Materials and methods In this study, two types of data to assess the bioclimatic conditions and their relationship with Kermanshah cardiovascular admissions was used. In other words set of climate variables synoptic station of Kermanshah and cardiovascular admissions Imam Ali Hospital of Kermanshah, were selected for analysis as samples. Atmospheric variables, including average temperature (°C), wind speed (meters per second), relative humidity (percent), solar radiation (watt per square meter), height or sun angle (degrees) and dew point temperature (°C), cloudiness (Octa), water vapor pressure (hPa), as well as statistics about the number of daily admissions for cardiovascular patients were used. Although data on atmospheric variables Kermanshah station were available in the long term, but due to lack of information about the admissions cardiovascular disease, common period of the day September 9 2009 to April 30 2015 in order to determine the relationship between them was selected. The data related to cardiovascular patients acceptance Kermanshah Imam Ali Hospital were collected. A database of this information was provided during the period from September 9 2009 until the Day April 30 2015. As well as another database of meteorological variables (average temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, water vapor pressure and the height of the sun) on a daily basis was created for the same period. Based on this database, bioclimatic conditions of Kermanshah on a daily basis were identified. In this study, two software RayMan and BioKlima was used to determine bioclimatic conditions of Kermanshah. PET and PMV bioclimatic indices were calculated based software RayMan. Finally, the link between acceptance of cardiovascular disease and each bioclimatic conditions in Kermanshah individually through statistical tests (Levene test, Univariate Analysis of Variance, Scheffe and Games-Howell post hoc) were investigated using SPSS software. 3-Results Generally, Investigate the relationship between bioclimate indices and cardiovascular disease in the Kermanshah showed that acute climatic conditions are the most important factor in the increasing acceptance of cardiovascular disease in Kermanshah. In other words, under the cold, hot and sultry conditions, Admission cardiovascular patients in Kermanshah had significant increase compared to the climatic comfort condition. In general, based on the results of this study can be said that in each index, one or two different bioclimatic conditions on the hospital admissions of cardiovascular patients have been effective. For example, based on Tek index slightly sultry has been effective in increasing cardiovascular diseases. So that in the slightly sultry conditions, every day 20 people on average is referred to the Imam Ali hospital. Moreover, in cold conditions, an average of 19 people admitted with cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile at the thermal comfort condition the lowest rate of hospital admissions have been reported. In fact, at the confidence level 95 percent, there is significant difference in the number of cardiovascular patients in sultry and cold condition compared to thermal comfort. Therefore, based on Tek index cold and sultry conditions are effective in increasing hospital admissions and simultaneously with the occurrence of thermal comfort a significant reduction in the mean number of patients has been observed. In fact this index relationship between extreme conditions with an increase in cardiovascular admissions is approved. Among other indices, TE index showed that direct correlation between hot and warm conditions with increase hospital admissions. The results of PMV and PET indices also indicate that cold and cool bioclimatic conditions (generally tend to cold conditions) more than the warm and comfort conditions are effect on the acceptance of cardiovascular patients. As a conclusion we can say that extreme bioclimatic conditions (very cold or hot and sultry) are directly related with increase cardiovascular disease in Kermanshah. Also under comfort or close to the comfort condition the hospital admissions have been less. 4- Conclusion The results of this study showed that in each index, one or two bioclimatic conditions have been effective in increasing acceptance of cardiovascular patients. For example, based on Tek index there are significant relationship between extreme conditions (very hot and very cold) with increase in cardiovascular admissions in the confident level 95 percent. But in the TE index, between warm and hot conditions, with increase in cardiovascular admissions in the confident level 95 percent, was seen a significant correlation. Based on the PMV and PET indices cool and cold bioclimatic conditions (in general tend to cold conditions) more than warm and comfort conditions are affected on the acceptance of cardiovascular patients. Finally the results of most indicators suggest that acute climatic conditions (very cold or hot and sultry) are directly related to increase of cardiovascular disease in Kermanshah. Keywords: bioclimatology, thermal stress, cardiovascular disease, Kermanshah. |