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Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research، جلد ۳۰، شماره ۵، صفحات ۶۴۶-۶۵۲
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عنوان انگلیسی Direct versus Indirect Nursing Care in Intensive Care Units during COVID‑19 (An Observational Study)
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Background: Nurses play a crucial role in providing care in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). This study aimed to compare the time spent and types of direct and indirect nursing care provided to patients during COVID‑19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted in the ICU of Hafthome‑Tir Hospital, Tehran, in 2022. The activities of 42 randomly selected nurses were continuously observed and recorded, focusing on direct and indirect care as per the revised International Classification for Nursing Practice checklist. Data were analyzed using dependent t ‑test ( p > 0.05). Results: The data showed that the highest average time for direct care spent on cardiopulmonary resuscitation was 27.30 (6.10) minutes, while the least time for deltoid injections was 4.8 (2.9) minutes. In indirect care, the most time was spent writing reports, 34.90 (10.50) minutes, and the least time spent removing personal protective equipment was 6.11 (3.19) minutes. During data collection, 19 procedures were added to the nursing care checklist due to COVID‑19. A dependent t ‑test showed a significant difference between direct and indirect ICU nursing care (t= -6.62, df = 41, p < 0.001), indicating more time was spent on indirect care. Conclusions: The findings showed indirect care was provided more frequently than direct care, highlighting the need to reassess nursing care delivery methods. The increased demand for indirect care is attributed to time and staffing shortages, along with a rise in patient numbers and hospitalizations compared to pre‑COVID conditions.  
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله COVID‑19, intensive care units, nursing care, task performance, time‑motion study
نویسندگان مقاله | Marzieh Adel Mehraban
Nursing Management Department, Nursing Care Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran


| Fateme Asvad
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


| Mahboubeh Rasouli


نشانی اینترنتی http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2285
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نوع مقاله منتشر شده Original Articles
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