| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), a multidrug-resistant bacterium, represents a considerable risk in healthcare environments owing to its capacity to induce various infections. The resistance of P. aeruginosa is frequently linked to efflux pumps that actively remove antibiotics from the bacterial cell. This study investigates novel amide compounds as potential alternatives to address P. aeruginosa isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance mediated by efflux pumps. Materials and Methods: Gram staining and biochemical assays revealed thirty-three multi-drug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates from a tertiary care hospital Peshawar. After antibiotic susceptibility testing, efflux pumps were detected using Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) agar cartwheel technique and UV transilluminator. Novel amides were tested for efflux pump and anti-pseudomonal action against efflux pump-positive isolates utilizing agar well diffusion and micro broth dilution, including synergy with ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Results: Three high efflux pump activity P. aeruginosa isolates were chosen using ETBr agar cartwheel technique. Novel amides (ITC, ITD, ITE, DEP) block efflux pump, although TEM-cu is very antimicrobial. TEM-cu, DEP, ITC, and ITE have 0.19, 0.78, and 0.78 mg/ml MICs. Effectiveness against efflux pump-expressing P. aeruginosa is lowest with ITE (1.56 mg/ml). Together with ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, TEM-cu and DEP improved antimicrobial effectiveness. Conclusion: TEM-cu is highly effective against efflux pump-positive P. aeruginosa, while amides like ITC, ITD, ITE, and DEP block these pumps. With significant reductions, DEP and TEM-cu improve ciprofloxacin and gentamicin efficacy. This method may help overcome P. aeruginosa efflux pump-mediated resistance. |
| نویسندگان مقاله |
| Fahad Ullah
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| Maqsood Ali
Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| Falak Niaz
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Malakand Campus, Malakand, Pakistan
| Israr Ali Khan
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| Sher Wali Khan
Department of Chemistry, Women University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| Momin Khan
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| Rafaqat Ishaq
Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| Abdul Manan
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Malakand Campus, Malakand, Pakistan
| Ying Yu
Department of General Medicine, The 2nd Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| Muhammad Ilyas
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Malakand Campus, Malakand, Pakistan
|