| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Background and Objective: Decreasing the effect of weeds on the characteristics of the main product increases the production and quality of the seeds and finally stabilizes the agricultural ecosystems. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Dwarf Mallow weed on yield, yield components, competition index, Greenness and photosynthesis rate in wheat fields in North Khuzestan.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications during the two crop years of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 in the agricultural research and studies center of Safi-abad, Dezful. Treatments included of three varieties of wheat; (Mehregan, Chamran 2 and Barat) and five Density of Malva (control (zero), 8, 16, 24 and 32 plants/m2).
Results: The results showed that the length of the plant increased by 2.38, 7.42, 15.44 and 20.47%, respectively, compared to the control treatment, with the increase in the density of the weed and the spike length decreased by 7.42, 8.47, 16.47 and 29.71% compared to the control treatment with increasing the density of Malva weed. The number of seeds in the spike of Chamran 2 and Mehrgan cultivars decreased by 1.45% and 11.72% respectively compared to Barat cultivar. The number of seeds in the spike decreased by 13.22, 20.65, 28.84 and 44.60%, respectively, compared to the control treatment with the increase in the density of the Malva weed. Seed yeild with increasing density of Dwarf Mallow weed in Mehrgan variety 19.41, 29.44, 36.24 and 48.22%, in Chamran 2 variety 6.27, 15.84, 21.78 and 43.89% and in Brat variety 28.51, 39.06, 40.23, and 50.78% showed a decrease compared to the control treatment, respectively. The biological yield decreased by 13.08, 15.86, 20.40, and 32.44%, respectively, compared to the control treatment, with the increase in the density of the weed. The photosynthesis ratio with increasing the density of Malva weed in Mehrgan variety 14.25, 24.49, 60.86 and 80.66%, in Chamran 2 variety 23.81, 31.48, 52.92 and 74.28% and of 25.02, 43.70, 49.42 and 74.00% in Brat variety respectively, showed a decrease compared to the control treatment. The tolerance index of Chamran 2 and Mehregan cultivars decreased by 1.08 and 1.85%, respectively, compared to Barat variety, and with the increase in the density of Dwarf Mallow weed, it decreased by 3.68, 7.45 and 11.32%, respectively, compared to the density of 8 Dwarf Mallow weed plants.
Conclusion: The results of the experiment showed a decrease in the values of developmental and physiological characteristics and a decrease in seed and biological yield, photosynthesis rate and tolerance index due to the increase in the density of Malva weed. In general, the control of Dwarf Mallow weed density can be recommended to improve quantitative yield, morpho-physiological indicators of bread wheat in order to achieve sustainable agricultural goals and increase grain and biological yield per unit area in the agricultural areas of North Khuzestan.
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