The rapid expansion of impervious surfaces in urban areas has caused significant environmental challenges, including shifts in temperature patterns and the formation of urban heat islands. Changes in land use patterns and structures profoundly influence the composition, configuration, and function of landscapes. This study analyzed changes in landscape structure and thermal zones in Isfahan city from 1992 to 2022. To achieve this, land surface temperature maps were generated, and landscape metrics were calculated to explore the relationship between land use changes and land surface temperature zones. The results revealed that bare lands with little to no vegetation dominate high-temperature zones, contributing significantly to the formation of urban heat islands. Furthermore, landscape metrics indicated that land use type significantly influences local temperature. However, the analysis of landscape metrics indicated that higher continuity between land uses and landscape structures does not necessarily result in lower temperatures. The key factor influencing temperature is the type of land use in the area. Therefore, it can be concluded that land surface temperature is influenced by combinations of land use. Given the importance of temperature adjustment in urban areas, the distribution and allocation of green spaces based on landscape principles play a critical role in urban thermal management.