| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Introduction:
The role of women, particularly female heads of household, has been a significant topic in social research, especially in the context of empowerment and economic independence. Women who become the primary earners in their households often face unique challenges related to gender expectations, financial responsibilities, and societal perceptions. The study of their lived experiences provides valuable insights into the factors that contribute to their empowerment or hinder their progress. This research seeks to explore the lived experience of economically empowered female heads of household, aiming to construct a locally relevant model or pattern that can be used to support other women in similar situations. By focusing on the personal, familial, and societal factors influencing these women's empowerment, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of the social dynamics at play and proposes strategies for promoting economic independence among female heads of household.
Methods and Materials:
A qualitative research design was employed for this study, using in-depth interviews as the primary data collection method. Snowball sampling was used to identify participants, ensuring a diverse group of economically empowered female heads of household. The interviews were conducted in person, with the researcher continuing to interview participants until theoretical saturation was achieved. A total of 13 women were interviewed for this study. The data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding techniques to identify the key themes and concepts related to their lived experiences. The codes were then categorized into broader themes, and a central phenomenon was identified.
Results and Discussion:
The analysis revealed a complex interplay of structural, contextual, and personal factors that influenced the economic empowerment of female heads of household. At the structural level, the dominance of gender culture, societal expectations, and the overwhelming commitments of women were identified as significant barriers. These women often had to navigate the intersection of traditional gender roles with the demands of being the primary financial provider for their families. In many cases, the conditions of employment were not aligned with the specific needs of female heads of household, leading to significant challenges in balancing work and family responsibilities. Contextual factors, such as the absence of a husband, the responsibility of caring for children, and the need to provide for the family’s basic needs, were also found to be crucial in shaping the experiences of these women. The lack of supportive resources and institutional frameworks further exacerbated these challenges. In particular, the absence of family support, financial resources, and access to training or employment opportunities created significant barriers to economic empowerment. Despite these challenges, several strategies emerged that helped these women overcome obstacles and achieve economic empowerment. At the individual level, continuing education, vocational training, and participation in professional development courses were found to be important. These strategies helped women acquire new skills, build confidence, and gain the qualifications needed to secure better employment opportunities. At the family level, the support of family members, including emotional and financial assistance, was identified as a critical factor in overcoming obstacles. Financial planning, budgeting, and resource management were also key strategies that contributed to the women's ability to maintain financial stability and improve their economic position. At the societal level, access to government and organizational support services played a crucial role in the empowerment process. Financial assistance, job placement services, and social protection programs were all found to be instrumental in helping these women gain financial independence. Furthermore, social recognition and the improvement of their social standing contributed to their sense of empowerment and self-worth. The central phenomenon identified in this study was the desire for economic empowerment. While these women did not initially possess the economic experience or readiness required for headship, they gradually developed the skills and knowledge needed to manage their families’ financial needs. Economic empowerment allowed these women to reduce their social exclusion, alleviate poverty, and integrate into social networks, improving both their personal and social conditions.
Conclusion
The findings of this study highlight the complex factors influencing the economic empowerment of female heads of household. By understanding the lived experiences of these women, it becomes clear that empowering them requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses structural, contextual, and personal challenges. Policymakers and social planners must consider the specific needs of female heads of household and provide the necessary support, resources, and opportunities to facilitate their empowerment. The results of this study underscore the importance of education, training, family support, and social services in helping these women overcome obstacles and achieve economic independence. Furthermore, recognizing the agency of women in this process is crucial for fostering social change and promoting gender equality.
|