| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Using water in architecture, along with providing the facility, had a great impact on the architectural design and beauty. In belvedere gardens of Andalus water used in different shapes such as pools, fountains and rivers with exquisite designs. During 10th to 15th century particular styles of fountains are used that were operational as well as decorative. This research studies and compares the aesthetics changes of the patterns and elements of belvedere gardens that were constructed during the period. References Barrucand, Marianne & Bednorz, Achim, Miʿmārī- yi Islāmī dar Andalus(Moorish Architecture in Andalusia (Big Series: Architecture and Design), Trans. Faezeh dini, Tehran, Iranian Academy of the Arts, 1386/ 2007. Blair, Sheila & Bloom, Jonathan, Hunar wa Miʿmārī- yi Islāmī(2)(The art and architecture of Islam), Trans. Azhand Yaghoub, SAMT, Iranian Academy of the Arts, 1381/ 2002. Būtshīsh, Ibrāhīm al- Ḳādirī, “al- Djāmāliyya Fī al- Munshaʾāt al- Miʿmāriyya al- Māʾiyya bi- Madīnat Gharnāta”, International Scientific Conference Entitled: "al- Fann fī al- Fikr al- Islāmī", Saʿīd b. Ḥamāda, Oman, Jordan, International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1433 AH/ 2012 AD. Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar& Moin, Mohammad, Lughat-nāma, University of Tehran Press (UTP), Dehkhoda Lexicon Institute & International Center for Persian Studies, 1337/ 1958. Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad, Taʾrikh al- Islām wa wafayāt (ṭabaḳāt) al- mashāhīr wa ʾl- aʿlām, Revised by ʿUmar ʿAbd al- Salām Tadmurī, Vol. 2, Beirut, Dār al- Kitāb al- ʿArabī, 1993 AH/ 1413 AD. al- Djamal, Muḥammad, “Munshaʾāt Salāṭīn Banī Naṣr fī Ḳuṣūr al- Ḥamrāʾ”, Instituto Egipcio de Estudios Islámicos en Madrid, No. 28, 1996/ 1374. Donis A., Dondis, Mabādī- yi Sawad Baṣrī (A Primer of Visual Literacy), Trans. Masoud Sepehr, Surūsh, Tehran, 1390/ 2011. Fatḥ b. Khāḳān, Ḳalāʾid al- ʿIḳyān, (Und), (Und.). Golomberk, Lisa, “From Timur to TivoliI: reflections on Il Giadino All Italiana”, Muqarnas, Necipoglu, Gulru, V.15, Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands, copyright 1001. Ibn Zaydūn, Dīwān- i Ibn Zaydūn wa Rasāʾla, Revised by ʿAlī ʿAbd al- ʿAẓīm, Dar Misr For Printing, 1957/ 1335. Jafari, Bahram, "al- Ḥamrāʾ čashm- Andāzī az Tamaddunī ʿAẓīm", Kiyhān- i Farhangī, No.111, Vol.11, Tehran, Tīr/ June 1373/ 1993. Lehrman, Jonas, Eaethly Paradise(Garden and Courtyard in Islam), Berkeley and Los Angeless,University of California Press, 2910. al- Maḳḳarī al- Tilimsānī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad, Nafḥ al- Ṭīb Min Ghuṣn al- Andalus al- Raṭīb, Dār al- Fikr, Beirut, 1419 AD. Moore, Charles Willard, Āb wa Miʿmārī (Water and Architecture), Trans. Hoda Alamolhoda, Sāzmān- i Mīrāth Farhangī- yi Kishwar, Muʿāwinat- i Farhangī wa Āmūzish, 1381/ 2002. Pries, Christine, Taʾrīkh- i Hunar- i Islāmī (The story of Moslem Art), Trans. Masoud Rajab Nia, Vol. 2, Tehran, Amīrkabīr, 2535 Shāhanshāhī. Tabbaa, Yasser, “The Medieval Islamic Garden: Typology and Hydraulics”, Garden History: Issues, Approaches, Methods, John Dixon Hunt, Washington, Harvard University, 1992. Zakī, Yaʿḳūb, (Dickie, James), "Bāgh- i Ispāniyyāyi ʿArabī: Tawḍīḥātī Darbāra- yi Gūna- Shināsī", Trans. MohammadTaghi Akbari, Mīrāth- i Ispāniyyā- yi Musalmān(The legacy of muslim spain- Salma khadra jayyusi), Salma Khadra Jayyusi(as Supervisor), Translations of European languages, Vol. 1, Islamic Research Foundation of Astane Quds Razavi, 1380/ 2001. Referencing Visuals: Images & Maps http://www.alhambradegranada.org/en/info/placesandspots/courtofthemyrtles.asp.(2013/2/26) http://www.artencordoba.co.uk/MADINAT-AL-ZAHRA/Medina-Azahara-Cordoba-Archeological-site-pool-house.html. (2011/1/24) http://www.essential-architecture.com/SP-GR/GR-006.htm (2016/12/01) http://gardenin.ru/islamic_gardens.html. (2011/7/12) http://www.martingracephotography.com/?search=Nasrid+dynasty. (2013/3/17) http://www.photaki.es/foto-jardin-del-crucero-casa-de-la-contratacion-sevilla_303803.htm https://www.pinterest.com/anachelista/al-andalus-las-invasiones-almor%C3%A1vides-almohades-y (2016/12/01) http://www.qantara-med.org/qantara4/public/show_document.php?do.(2011/22/9) http://rolfgross.dreamhosters.com/Islam-Web/Chapter3103.htm. (2011/21/23) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_the_Lions |