| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Abstract The personality of Hazrat Fatima (PBUH), a lady who holds a special position and dignity in the Quran, Prophetic hadiths, Sunni sources, and especially Shiite sources, has been a subject of interest for Orientalists. Verena Klemm, a contemporary Orientalist, wrote an article on forming the image of Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) in Sunni and Shiite sources. This study investigates Klemm's attitude towards Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) and how she portrays and analyzes her personality. The content analysis method is used to extract Klemm's desired concepts and the sources she considered, which has been effective in advancing the goals of this research. The results show that Klemm conducted her study based on her preconceived notions and relying on limited and specific sources, without paying attention to the religious vision of the text. Keywords: Imaginary Personality, Real Personality, Orientalism, Hazrat Fatimah (PBUH). Introduction Orientalist researchers in the Western world focus on the study of prominent Muslim personalities, and one such personality is Hazrat Fatima (PBUH). Verena Klemm (2005) is a contemporary German orientalist who is the author of numerous books and articles in the field of Islamic history, Arabic literature, Persian language, and literature. She is one of the researchers of Islamic and Middle East studies who has written on the personality of Hazrat Fatima (PBUH). Her article titled ‘Formation of an Islamic Legend: Fatima, the Daughter of the Prophet Muhammad’ in the book Ideas, Images, and Methods of Portrayal Insight into Classical Arabic Literature and Islam, examines the personality of Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) based on Sunni sources, considering the description of Shiite sources as imaginary and mythical. As Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) holds special respect and dignity in the beliefs of Muslims, both Shiite and Sunni, analyzing Klemm's article is necessary to avoid creating a series of unbalanced depictions of her personality and to explain the facts. Materials and Methods Content analysis is used as the method of research to categorize events with common characteristics under the title of a concept and then classify them into different domains and characteristics. Frequency measurement of the type and number of sources has also been done to achieve more accuracy, improve quality, and advance research goals. The effective factors in Klemm's analysis presented in her article have been investigated by reviewing the fields and sources of interest. Research Findings Verena Klemm has explored the personality of Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) from both historical and fictional perspectives. She believes that the real personality of Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) is extensively documented in historical reports. Klemm has primarily utilized Sunni historical data and documents to investigate the personal, marital, maternal, and social aspects of Hazrat Fatima's personality. In her work, Klemm has identified the imaginary personality of Hazrat Fatima, which is mostly mentioned in the historical narratives and propositions of the Shiites. She considers these reports as a form of storytelling by Shia writers and creates a fictional personality for Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) that goes beyond human limits. Klemm's attention mainly lies in the personal and marital fields while exploring the superhuman aspect of Hazrat Fatima's personality. She has examined various areas and characteristics in separate tables. Various factors can influence the research process of a scientific work that focuses on the important historical figures of a religion. Therefore, researchers in this field must pay special attention to these factors to master their work. One vital aspect is the resources they use. To rationally and logically analyze a famous personality, researchers must have a complete understanding of the temporal and spatial situation of the writing about them. Another influential factor in this field of research is the method of using sources. Orientalists typically use the method of matching and confronting, in which the degree of impact and influence of texts on each other is determined. By analyzing it, the influence of people, ideas, and schools becomes clear. In addition, every systematic research should have three basic stages description, analysis, and explanation. Such a method would not be compatible with a brief historical account. Neglecting these things will cause problems and damage to the research. Therefore, to analyze Klemm's concept, her sources, the appropriateness of the topic, her attention to historical and hadith reports, and her consideration of the religious vision of the text have been examined by citing examples. Discussion of Results and Conclusion The analysis of Klemm's research concepts and sources regarding the personality of Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) shows that her analysis is not correct. The lack of attention to the appropriateness of the sources and the subject is the main reason for this analysis, which mainly refers to Sunni historical sources, Shiite hadith, Sunni hadith, contemporary research, Shiite history, and Sunni commentary. The use of specific and limited sources such as Tabaqat Al-Kubra among Sunni historical sources, Bihar al-Anwar and Manaqib Al Abi Talib among Shiite hadith sources, and reliance on preconceived notions and using some undocumented reports in some areas have also been effective in her analysis. Not paying attention to the religious insight of the text not referring to the advanced and authentic sources of Twelve Imami Shiites and relying on books that have weak and fictional narrations, like Manaqib Al Abi-Talib, are other reasons for Klemm's analysis. The set of these factors indicates Klemm's extra-religious understanding and her lack of sufficient and necessary knowledge of sources and traditions, particularly in the context of Shiite hadith sources. |