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پژوهش های جغرافیای طبیعی، جلد ۴۵، شماره ۳، صفحات ۹۵-۱۰۶
عنوان فارسی بررسی تأثیر گردوغبار بر روند کمّی و کیفی رشد نیشکر واریته CP۵۷-۶۱۴
چکیده فارسی مقاله طوفان‎های گردوغبار یکی از معضلات محیطی در غرب و جنوب غربی ایران به‎شمار می‎رود که تأثیر زیادی بر محصولات کشاورزی دارد. هدف این پژوهش مطالعۀ اثر گردوغبار روی یک محصول صنعتی کشاورزی (نیشکر) است. برای این امر، مطالعات آزمایشی در مزارع شرکت توسعۀ نیشکر واحد دعبل خزاعی استان خوزستان در سطح دوونیم هکتار، از ماه مرداد تا آذر 1391 انجام گرفت. مزارع آزمایشی شامل دو تیمار شست‎وشوی برگ‎ها و عدم شست‎وشوی برگ‎ها در یک دورۀ کشت انجام شد. نتایج آزمون تی. استیودنت به‎دست‎آمده درخصوص عملکرد کیفی نیشکر، نشان‎دهندۀ این است که تیمارهای مورد آزمایش اختلاف معناداری را در سطح 1درصد برای صفت پیوریتی (درجۀ خلوص) و در سطح 5 درصد برای میزان شکر دریافت‎شده و کیفیت نی داشته است که گویای برتری تیمار شست‎وشو است. در خلال فرایند تیمارهای آزمایش، اختلاف معناداری روی عوامل کمّی رشد گیاه نیشکر به‎دست نیامده است که بیانگر عدم تأثیر در افزایش عملکرد است. بررسی رابطه بین مقدار نیتروژن و کلروفیل پهنک برگ نشان داد، پدیدۀ گردوغبار بر کاهش نیتروژن‎سازی محصول و درنهایت روی روند عملکرد کیفی گیاه نیشکر تأثیر منفی دارد.
کلیدواژه‌های فارسی مقاله گردوغبار، نیشکر، عملکرد کیفی، عملکرد کمّی،
عنوان انگلیسی Evaluation of Dust Effect on the Quantitative and Qualitative Growth of Sugarcane Varieties CP57-614
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Extended AbstractIntroductionOne of the natural disasters that affected Khozestan province's is the phenomenon undesirableof dust due to its geographical location and its neighborhood with a large expanse of desertregions. When dust sits on leaf crops, it can reduce the amount of light absorption andphotosynthesis and the growth and production will suffer loss consequently (Abdali Dehdezi1390: 19). The effects of dust on leaf surfaces are done in different ways:a) Impact on the process of photosynthesis in plants; Reduction in photosynthetic leafsurface is a function of light intensity reduction. Hirano Takashi (2003: 275) studies in Japanshow that plants exposed to dust are the major sources of risk facing chronic photosynthesis andconsequently reduce the growth face. The 10-5g of dust particles per square meter of leaf areacan reduce photosynthesis significantly.b) The effects of dust on leaf stomata: Dust reduces stomata conductance due to stomataclosure. The effect of dust on reduce the stomata conductance would be greater at time that thesize of dust particles is smaller. Dust particles with a diameter less than (0.05mm) causeddisruption of the mechanisms and functions of the openings leaves.c) The effects of dust on leaf temperature: Dust increase leaf temperature of 4-2°C.Because of dust on the leaf surface will absorb more short waves. Increase in temperature of 3-2°C increase in light respiration of leaf in plants. d) The effect of dust on the amount of light hitting the plant: The light intensity and daylength effect on the growth and production. Water absorption and evaporation is proportional tothe light intensity completely. Mvchv and colleagues (1993) showed that during the lineargrowth phase, the accumulation of biomass per hectare is linearly correlated with solar radiationreceived.Khozestan as one of the major poles of agricultural province, the epicenter of the injury isthe loss of natural plants. Damage to the agricultural sector in this province, will account for amajor share. Sugarcane crop with a cover nearly 80 thousand hectares of land under cultivationin this province are one of the vulnerable sectors. Thus the objectives of this study are:1. Survey of relationship between quantities of sugarcane yield (weight of single, stemdensity per unit area and product yield) and dust.2. Survey of relationship between the quality of sugarcane (Pol, Brix, purity, recovery andquality of white sugar cane) and dust.3. Survey of relationship between leaf chlorophyll amount and dust density.4. Survey on interactions between nitrogen and chlorophyll.MethodologyThe location of field experiment was Da'bal Khazaei Agro Industry Co. The experiment carriedon varieties 614 CP57-L09-06. Soil type was Silt loam. The test community consists of washingthe leaves and failure to wash the leaves that carried out after dust occurrence each with 21repetitions on each community. Each plot had 7 Farrow. To eliminate the side effects caused bydusts from car traffic on the farm road and irrigation, farm plots was at a distance of 20 m fromthe edge of farm. Plot size was segmentation 200 sqm for each treatment. Chlorophyll leaveswere by chlorophyll meter by 502-Spad Minolta models. This process is performed after eachdust. The plots should be washed. This process carried out after each wash. Plots in each phasewere washed with car wash tank. Cane growth and Lamina sheaths nitrogen and moisture wasmeasured each time after vigorous dust at an intervals period time.Results and DiscussionResults on quality performance show that there are significant different on level of %1 forpurity and on level of %5 for getting amount of sugar and straw quality for test treatments thatindicate on excellence of treatments wash. On the other hand survey of treatment means alsoshow that washing treatment is superior. Based on the results of treatments, there are nosignificant differences on quantitative factors. Student t-test showed that there is no effect of thewashing operation factors on increased performance. Survey of relationship between amount ofchlorophyll and dust density show that student t-test were significant at 1% for both treatments.This means that the presence of dust on the leaves is effective on chlorophyll readings. Theamount of chlorophyll in treatments wash the leaves are higher than failure to wash the leavesconsistently that it due to impaired gas exchange system, carbon dioxide and water vapor andoxygen respectively. The stomata closure with decreasing in sunshine hours has slowing the rateof photosynthesis. This process disturbances the gas exchange and download of sun light that lead to reduce in photosynthesis and yellow leaves. Finally, it shows as the poor quality of canejuice.The relationship was examined between nitrogen and chlorophyll content of flag leaves.According to the requirements of sugarcane to nitrogen during the growing season, the amountof nitrogen fertilizer is very important. So, we can by measuring of chlorophyll in the plant toestimate the nitrogen concentration. In table and graph, the correlation between chlorophyll andnitrogen lamina clearly shows that this correlation is statistically significant at the 5% level.Using the linear equation and only by reading chlorophyll Machine, we able to achieve nitrogenlevels in each stage of growth.ConclusionThe results of experiments on wash the leaves and failure to wash the leaves treatments showthat washing treatments had higher purity and higher concentration of sugar and straw quality isbetter. Thus, dust has a negative effect on cane quality (yield and quality of sugar cane). Dusthad been affected on the amount of sunlight received by the leaves. Chlorophyll content inleaves has been decreased in the occurrence of dust. So, absorbed nitrogen also has beendecreased. Finally, yield quality is reduced consequently. However, dust has no negative effecton quantitative growth of sugarcane because many factors affect quantitative performance ofsugarcane.
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نویسندگان مقاله عباسعلی آروین اسپنانی | arvin espanany
استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور

صدیقه چراغی |
مدرس گروه معماری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مسجدسلیمان

شهرام چراغی |
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، اصفهان

نشانی اینترنتی http://jphgr.ut.ac.ir/article_35837_59b97d03521dfff415cdcece70598ec4.pdf
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