| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Statement of the Probelm: Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDIs) are frequent events during childhood, and emergency management of these injuries has positive outcomes. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of parents of school-aged children towards dental trauma and to identify the effect of demographic variables such as age, gender and education on their responses. Materials and Method: A total of 300 parents of elementary school children were selected through cluster sampling from July 2012 to January 2013 in Yazd, Iran. A questionnaire, designed to collect the data on parents’ knowledge, demographic characteristics, previous experiences, and emergency management of dental trauma, was distributed among participants. Statistical analysis of data was perfomed by SPSS software version 11 using T-test and ANOVA. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: 296 out of 300 participants returned their questionnaires (mean age 33.8±5). The parents’ knowledge about TDI managemens was inadequate (average score = 7.03). According to T-test and ANOVA statistical tests, there was no significant relationship between knowledge and age (p = 0.155), gender of parents (p = 0.113), gender of children (p = 0.776), occupation (p = 0.112), and the information source (p = 0.160). The relationship between parents’ knowledge and parental educational level was statistically significant (p = 0.010), and LSD test showed that knowledge score of parents with Bachelor’s degree or higher educational levels (7.83±4) was significantly more than other parents (Not educated (6.97±4) , High school diploma (6.70±4)). Conclusion: Majority of parents had little knowledge about TDI and emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth in children. Therefore, it seems that educational programs are necessary to improve parents’ knowledge. |
| کلیدواژههای انگلیسی مقاله |
Dental trauma, Avulsed teeth, Knowledge, IntroductionToday, dental traumas are considered an important concern among dental problems in human [ 1, ]. American Society of Oral surgeons described the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) as one the most sensitive emergencies [ 2, , 3, ], and based on the literature, these injuries has increased in recent decades [ 4, ]. One of the most considerable adverse outcomes of TDI is its negative effect on the child&,rsquo s quality of life. Furthermore, the costs imposed by these traumatic injuries are not negligible [ 5, ]. It is also shown that 16% of TDIs lead to negative changes in appearance and development of children&,rsquo s face [ 6, ]. The prognosis and success of TDIs&,rsquo treatment strongly relate to an immediate and proper reaction that depends on many factors including parental awareness especially mothers [ 7, ]. In conclusion, parental awareness of reasons and management of TDIs including first aid measures, proper storage media, and tetanus vaccine can be of critical significance for saving teeth as well as maintaining the child&,rsquo s general health.TDIs are very common in childhood. It is shown that one third of preschool children and one fourth of schoolchildren experience TDI at least once [ 8, ]. Based on other epidemiologic studies, 50% of children have suffered from TDIs [ 9, , 11, ]. According to previous investigations, the prevalence of dental traumas is reported 4% -30% in developed countries [ 12, ]. This high prevalence of TDIs reveals a need for dental care programs including public and parental dental education [ 13, , 14, ]. Many studies have evaluated parental knowledge of TDIs. Majority of these studies revealed insufficient awareness in parents especially fathers, and therefore emphasized the need for further parental education [ 15, , 25, ]. However, there are only two comparable studies conducted in Iran. Navabazam et al. [ 15, ] observed that the prevalence and reasons of TDIs in schoolchildren of Yazd are similar to other countries, and Jabarifar et al. [ 16, ] reported that knowledge level of Iranian mothers of TDI management is relatively low. No reported Iranian study has assessed whether schoolchildren parents in Yazd (central Iran) are aware enough to manage TDI cases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of parents of school-aged children about dental trauma and to identify the effect of demographic variables such as age, gender, and education on their responses.Materials and MethodIn this descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 elementary school children&,rsquo s parents from Yazd (in Iran) were selected by cluster sampling. The written informed consent was obtained at enrollment, and the standardized questionnaire [ 16, ] was distributed among parents. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) of School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences approved the validity of the questionnaire. In order to confirm the reliability of the questionnaire, a pilot study was carried out on 30 subjects who were not included in the study. The data collected from the pilot study was analyzed by SPSS software. The reliability coefficient (Cronbach&,rsquo s alpha) was 0.85, indicating an acceptable reliability. All the present parents at the time of the study were included. Parents who were reluctant to participate as well as incomplete questionnaires were excluded from the study. The questionnaire consisted of three parts. First part contained demographic questions including age, gender, job, education, number of children, and education (Table 1,). In second part, five general questions were asked about previous experiences of traumas or related education (Table 2,). The third part included 16 questions in two subparts on parents&,rsquo knowledge of TDIs. The first subpart consisted of four multiple choice questions about traumas to orofacial region, and the second subpart included 11 questions about a trauma case (a child who comes home with a tooth in his hand) (Table 3,).Demographic informationn(%)GenderFemale223(75.3%)Male73(24.7%)Age22-2973(24.6%)30-34122(41.2%)35-54101(34.1%)EducationNot educated34(11.5%)Middle School45(15.2%)High school diploma151(51%)Bachelor&,rsquo s degree or higher66(22.3%)OccupationHousewife201(67.9%)Clerk33(11.1%)Worker24(8.1%)Businessman35(11.8%)Retired2(0.7%)Unemployed1(0.3%)Table 1.Demographic characteristics of parents.Questionn(%)A1- Have you ever observed a dental trauma?Yes198(66.9%)No98(33.1%)A2- Have you or your children ever had a traumatized tooth?Yes212(71.6%)No84(28.4%)A3- Have you ever got information about dental injury and its management?Yes140(47.3%)No156(52.7%)A4- If you have answered &,ldquo yes&,rdquo to the previous question, how did you get this information?Television60(20.3%)Book/Magazine16(5.4%)Dentist48(16.2%)Friends/Family10(3.4%)Health centers20(6.8%)Internet3(1%)A5-Are you interested in education about first aid measures related to oro-facial traumas?Yes65(22%)No231(78%)Table 2.Frequency distribution of answers to questions related to previous experiences of traumas or related education.Questionsn(%)Situation 1, You encounter a trauma to oro-facial region of your child&,hellip |
| نویسندگان مقاله |
Fatemeh Kebriaei |
Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Hajar Attarzadeh |
Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Leyli Sadri |
Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
Elnaz Foroughi |
Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Mehdi Taghian |
Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran,Iran
Soroush Sadri |
Medical Students' Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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