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پژوهش های جغرافیای انسانی، جلد ۴۷، شماره ۲، صفحات ۲۰۹-۲۳۱
عنوان فارسی پدافند غیرعامل و ضرورت ایجاد کاربری‌های چند منظوره: رویکردی جدید درآینده نگری توسعه و امنیت پایدارشهری با تأکید بر زلزله خیزی شهر تبریز
چکیده فارسی مقاله اغلب پژوهش­ها در زمینه کاهش خسارت­های ناشی از زلزله، حول محور روش‌های ساخت­وساز واحدهای ساختمانی برای افزایش مقاومت بنا در برابر زلزله بوده است. با توجه به اینکه شهر تاریخی- فرهنگی تبریز، یکی از زلزله­خیزترین شهرهای ایران محسوب می‌شود، این مقاله با توجه به داده‌ها و نقشه‌های وضع موجود این شهر و استفاده از داده‌های طرح جامع و تفصیلی آن، به­ویژه کاربری اراضی شهری، به نقش راهبردی و ضرورت ایجاد کاربری‌های چندمنظوره در آینده­نگری توسعه شهری در این شهر زلزله­خیز می­پردازد. همچنین نقش پدافند غیر عامل در شهر را در بعضی از حوزه‌های راهبردی برنامه­ریزی کاربری اراضی شهری، مانند بررسی‌های طبیعی و استقرار کاربری اراضی شهری و... مطالعه می­کند. درنهایت، ضرورت ایجاد و توجه به کاربری‌های چندمنظوره در طرح‌های توسعه و عمران شهری را بررسی می­کند. سپس با توجه به نتایج GIS، با تأکید بر موقعیت راهبردی (ارتباطی، اقتصادی- صنعتی) و زلزله­خیزی شهر تبریز، محدوده­ها و مناطق دارای پتانسیل ایجاد کاربری‌های چندمنظوره را مشخص می­سازد. درنهایت، با توجه به ضوابط و ملاحظه­های پدافند غیر عامل، الگویی بهینه در برنامه­ریزی کاربری اراضی شهری به­دست می­دهد که حاصل آن، امنیتی پایدار برای توسعه آتی شهر و امنیت ساکنان آن است.
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عنوان انگلیسی New Look at the Future of Passive Defense and Multipurpose Uses: New Approach in Urban Sustainable Development and Security with Emphasis on Earthquake Susceptibility of Tabriz City
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Introduction Passive defense has entered into new field of study in the recent era as an outcome from science and technology. One of the fields playing a very important role in completing the defensive objects is urban geography and its regulations for earthquake hazards, as well. The fact is that earthquake as a natural phenomenon has not contained disastrous consequences in its own right, but what is resulted from the phenomenon as a catastrophe and disaster is the lack of human preparation and prevention against the event and its aftermath. Many researches aim to reduce the outcomes of earthquake to find constructional methodology of buildings for increase in building resistance in front of the earthquakes. The city of Tabriz is one of the important cities of Iran where has been placed in a location with relative high risks of earthquake disasters. The North Fault is in the vicinity of the city and even some parts of the city have been built over the fault.  This fault in Tabriz has caused destructive earthquakes in long history and can also demolish the city as a ruin again with its renewed activity. This study considers a strategic role and necessity for establishment of multi dimensions uses for the city development in the future. It contains the effects of passive defense in the city in terms of some strategic fields of urban land uses planning such as: natural and geographical studies for applying urban land uses. Ultimately it deals with needs and attentions to the constructions of mutual purpose and multipurpose for projects like urban development. It is important that we know all the hazards existing in a region and some parts exposed to the disasters by the greatest potentials because it has been conducted a planning to prevent the  events that can contain countless destructive outcomes. Meanwhile, passive defense is one of the most impressive and sustainable methods for defending against crises. It disserved to address the defense and its considerations and regulations so that most countries in the world do not adequately regard the issue. Even the states like US and Soviet ::union:: with high capacity in their military forces paid a specific attention to this subject. With the importance of this subject, establishment of multi-purpose and mutual-purpose use and their role in development project and urban development, it can led to successful management of crisis and mechanisms for urban sustainable development and resident security.   Methodology The methodology of this research has been based on analytical and description. In the method data and information were collected and gathered from documents and sources available in library. The analyses have been accomplished by GIS and data from Population Blocs in statistical center of Iran for this metropolitan area and the maps related to our research. In the way, first, the land use map and green and open space land use map and then some maps for urban sensitive and strategic centers such as rescue and relief centers and urban streets have been prepared for the analysis. Finally, the results and analyses have been taken according to the principals and rules of passive defense throughout all 9 zones ratified in detailed plans for Tabriz metropolis.   Results and discussion According to the map number 2 about slope and all information in terms of steep slope and its costs, zones 1, 8 and 2 cannot be favorite and suitable locations for urban development and deployment of multipurpose and mutual purpose land uses as they are near endangered places such as the fault line. But it should be mentioned that the zones 4, 3, 7 and 9 could become appropriate places for urban development and they are the best option for development and also multipurpose and mutual purpose land uses. The zones of 7 and 9 and, in part, 3 and 4 are useful for blinding of contemporary centers for residents and multipurpose land uses in the frame of green and recreational spaces. They have to do some attempts and efforts for the sake of the organization of such endangered land uses in these crises. The zones of the city including zone 2 should prevent and avoid to be constructed near and over the fault line. As it is obvious from the map of separate parcels, internal zones such as 2, 5, 6, and partly 4 have the lands with 200 meters width and zone 8 is also located over the fault line which it can led to high costs and harmful effects for inhabitants of the city as well as for the urban facilities and equipment. Only zones 7 and 9 and to some extend zone 3 have more demands and it can strengthen for these zones in the city and its urban structure based on the establishment of multipurpose and mutual purpose land uses.   Conclusion Defending methods of passive defense in various periods have been appeared regarding to the available potentials and facilities and the circumstances of that period when most of the methods was very useful in the time. Security and sustainability of settlements against natural hazards was always preoccupied urban planners. Earthquake is one of these natural and environmental hazards that are threatening human settlements and the life of human beings in a long time. Event an earthquake can cause severe damage and destruction in a short time. However, with consideration of passive defense rules and regulations, and the sorts of crises and the importance of land use, it is trying to realize critical, vulnerable and sensitive points in a city and can afford and then control necessary actions to solve available problems and limitations. Therefore, the relevant subjects such as passive defense will be useful and in the area multiple and bilateral land uses are benefited greatly. As mentioned before about the passive defense and its rules and principals, it is necessary to consider the multipurpose and mutual purpose and also some solutions like maps of street networks and opened and green spaces in the area surrounding the fault of Tabriz. Therefore, the regions 3 and 9 and partly regions of 4 and 7 are suitable places for establishing of temporary settlement in terms of Parks and appropriate and favorite urban recreational places. Cultural, medical and educational land uses are better to be located in this zone. The other endangered zones can be designed for such effective and safety condition that in the time of hazards and natural catastrophe and after that to be used as temporary shelters.    
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نویسندگان مقاله محمد رضا پورمحمدی | mohammad reza
استاد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه تبریز (Tabriz university)

کیومرث ملکی |
کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، مدرس دانشگاه پیام نور

آرزو شفاعتی |
کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه تبریز (Tabriz university)

محمد ریوف حیدری فر | mohammad raof
استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه پیام نور

محمدرضا کرمی | mohammad reza
دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور

نشانی اینترنتی http://jhgr.ut.ac.ir/article_51243_c82eb740a29375296f46397ef8ec1e51.pdf
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