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پژوهش های جغرافیای انسانی، جلد ۴۷، شماره ۴، صفحات ۷۴۳-۷۵۸
عنوان فارسی منطقه گرایی و چالش های آن در روابط خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
چکیده فارسی مقاله  یکی از راهکارهای گسترش همکاری در جهان، همگرایی با استفاده از الگوی منطقه‌گرایی است. امروزه امنیت ملی هر کشوری از طریق همکاری منطقه‌ای و درادامه با تعامل و وابستگی متقابل جهانی ممکن می‌شود تا با گام‌های انفرادی و بدون همکاری و پشتیبانی منطقه‌ای و جهانی. بر این ‌اساس، در چند دهه اخیر و به‌ویژه از دهه 1980 به بعد، بسیاری از کشورهای دنیا با اتخاذ رویکرد منطقه‌گرایی و شکل‌دادن به تجارب موفقی در این راستا، زمینه انگیزش سایر کشورهای دنیا به گسترش منطقه‌گرایی را نیز فراهم کرده‌اند. جمهوری اسلامی ایران هم به‌عنوان کشوری تأثیرگذار و با موقعیت ژئواستراتژیک، با درک این ضرورت، با پایان‌یافتن جنگ تحمیلی و شروع‌به‌کار دولت سازندگی تاکنون، گرایش منطقه‌گرایی و همگرایی منطقه‌ای را متناسب با اهداف و آرمان‌های خود با فرازونشیب‌هایی در دستور کار داشته است، اما شرایط ویژه این کشور و تهدیدات امنیتی که همواره متوجه جمهوری اسلامی ایران بوده، سبب شده است که رویکرد منطقه‌گرایی ایران همواره با صبغه و برتری گرایش‌های امنیتی و سیاسی دنبال شود، حال آنکه تجارب موفق منطقه‌گرایی در دنیا با برتری دستورکارهای اقتصادی، نرم‌افزارانه و غیرامنیتی بوده است که در این پژوهش علاوه‌بر بررسی جنبه‌های مختلف منطقه‌گرایی، به دلایل اتخاذ رویکرد متفاوت جمهوری اسلامی ایران و ضرورت بازبینی در این رویکرد توجه شده است.
کلیدواژه‌های فارسی مقاله
عنوان انگلیسی Regionalism and the challenges of regionalism in Iran foreign relations
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Introduction One of the ways to expand cooperation in today's world is convergence with the model of regionalism.  At the regional and global existing order, national security of each country comes more easily through the efforts of the government and the people to obtain and increase national wealth than through the efforts to build and collect hardware facilities and create an atmosphere of insecurity, fear and threat. Scientific and instrumental elites have raised convergence in various forms to pursue any conflict occurring in Europe since the early seventeenth century. Then, international cooperation and convergence by countries and global powers has also been considered. Although the Cold War era had put regional cooperation and integration as a function of the relationship between the two dominant poles in the world, this could not prevent the formation of regional integration. Successful experiences in this regard in the eighties and regionalism and regional cooperation in international relations became a substantial and stable principle for all countries around the world.   Methodology The main research method for the importance of the subject is descriptive analytical analysis in the current situation. It has been trying to use the library data, including the important and reliable internal and external resources in the knowledge of international relations, political science, political geography, political economy and political history of Iran to prove the approach of this paper.  The experts in this field try to strengthen the scientific reasoning.   Results and Discussion According to Karl Deutsch, the process of integration in a regional organization is like an assembly line which was shaped during history. This process has a central core, includes one or more of the larger political unit, more advanced, more developed and more powerful. The political and economic capabilities are decisive for the integration. The compatibility to the needs and values of smaller units is necessary to maintain integration. New regionalism, especially after promising movements of European ::union:: was invigorated to this mutation from the nineties. At first, European countries were in the new conditions to begin the integration process. Then, this process was created in Latin America, Southeast Asia and Africa. Regionalism in non-European, third world and developing countries did not have the objectives of the integration process in Europe. Even integration in the Asia-Pacific region has not been as well as integration model in Europe. There is not capacity and necessary political will for a deeper integration and political unity in any of these areas. During this period, Iran has been able to establish eco-regional organization in cooperation with Turkey and Pakistan. But this organization has not been able to achieve economic, political and security aims. We review this issue briefly. After the collapse of the Soviet ::union::, Iran, Turkey and Pakistan, as members of the ECO Treaty, tried to affix former member states of this ::union:: and current member of the CIS to this Treaty. They were able to increase the number of countries to ten members. However, despite the importance of regional cooperation more than before in the past decade, ECO Economic Cooperation Treaty with ten members can register much success in its repertoire. In fact, from a critical perspective, Iran, Turkey and Pakistan are the most powerful ECO members. Every member follows its own especial programs. Turkey sees itself as a European country and all its political and economic powers were used for membership in European ::union::. On the other hand, Pakistan has also a look at its economic relations with East and West. To do its economic resources for coordination with the international economy, it is more important for the country to strengthen cooperation with Echo.   Conclusion Regionalism in international politics refers to the development of economic cooperation, political and cultural ties between governments and other actors in geographic areas. Basically, region is defined as the combination of geographical areas in proximity, the high degree of interaction, institutional framework and a common cultural identity. Accordingly, the Islamic Republic of Iran as an important and influential country in the regional strategic position in the end of the war, especially with the rise of the constructiongovernment. Although there have been some ups and downs, but the country always was faced with the approach of regionalism and regional cooperation and benefiting from capacity and international organizations, it has paid attention to this important issue. Despite these efforts in their desired goals of regionalism approach, it cannot take required advantage. Iran has especial geopolitical situation, because it is located in a location among the crises of Iraq and Afghanistan and in neighborhood situation with the Persian Gulf crisis, Caucasus and Central Asia, South Asia (India and Pakistan) as well as it is a major player in Lebanon challenges and Syria crisis. Thus, the country is active in regional and international security issues. The Islamic Republic of Iran has spent all its efforts and activities in political life for the defense of political independence and to maintain axial discourse. It seems that it cannot introduce itself like the most influential countries in the world as an actor by trade and economic approach in the issue of regionalism.
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نویسندگان مقاله بهادر زارعی |
استادیار گروه جغرافیای سیاسی دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه تهران (Tehran university)

جلیل دلشاد زاد | delshad zad
کارشناس ارشد جغرافیای سیاسی دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه تهران (Tehran university)

سید مهدی موسوی شهیدی | seyed mehdi mousavi shahidi
دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه تهران (Tehran university)

سید محمود علوی | seyed mahmoud
کارشناس ارشد علوم سیاسی گرایش مطالعات ایران، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
سازمان اصلی تایید شده: دانشگاه تربیت مدرس (Tarbiat modares university)

نشانی اینترنتی http://jhgr.ut.ac.ir/article_52247_e590fc542cbf51e3082bc8d5f4e95bcc.pdf
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