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آب و خاک، جلد ۲۹، شماره ۶، صفحات ۱۵۷۸-۰
عنوان فارسی ارتباط بین اشکال مختلف پتاسیم و کانی های رسی در واحدهای فیزیوگرافی متفاوت
چکیده فارسی مقاله جهت مطالعه ارتباط بین نوع کانی‌های رسی و اشکال مختلف پتاسیم، سه واحد فیزیوگرافی دشت دامنه‌ای(PP)، دشت رسوبی رودخانه‌ای (RAP) و اراضی پست(LL) واقع در ترانسکتی در جنوب شرقی آذربایجان‌شرقی انتخاب گردید. نمونه‌ها از 9 خاکرخ جمع‌آوری و اشکال مختلف پتاسیم در نمونه‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که کانی‌های رسی موجود در واحدهای فیزیوگرافی تقریباً یکسان و عمدتاً شامل ایلیت، اسمکتیت، کائولینیت و کلریت است ولی فراوانی نسبی آن‌ها متفاوت می باشد. میزان ایلیت و اسمکتیت در دشت دامنه‌ای حداکثر مقدار را دارا بود و اسمکتیت در اراضی پست نسبت به دشت رسوبی رودخانه‌ای مقادیر بیشتری نشان داد. شرایط مختلف ژئومرفولوژیکی و در نتیجه تفاوت در مقادیر کانی‌های رسی باعث تفاوت معنی‌داری در شکل‌های پتاسیم گردید، طوریکه دشت دامنه‌ای نسبت به بقیه واحدها مقادیر بیشتری از اشکال پتاسیم را داراست. رابطه مثبت و معنی‌داری بین پتاسیم تبادلی با ایلیت (r2 = 0.81, P < 0.001) مشاهده شد که نشان می‌دهد این شکل پتاسیم مخصوصاً از لبه‌ها و فضاهای بین لایه‌ای ایلیت آزاد شده است.
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عنوان انگلیسی Clay Mineralogy Relationships with Potassium Forms in Different Physiographic Units
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Introduction: Potassium is an essential element for plant growth and its importance in agriculture is well known. Total soil potassium reserves are generally large; although the distribution of K forms differs from soil to soil as a function of the dominant soil clay minerals present. The objectives of the present study were: (i) the content, forms, and distribution of K as a function of clay mineralogy in different physiographic units; (ii) to investigate the relationship between K fractions and their physiographic units. Materials and Methods: The study area is located in south of eastern Azarbaijan province, north of Iran. The region stands between 37° 45' and 38° 00' N latitudes and 46° 00' and 46° 15' E longitudes. The present climate of the region has dry and hot summers, cold and wet winters; with an average rainfall of 334 mm. soil moisture and temperature regimes of study area are xeric and mesic, respectively. Site selection for studied pedons was based on a reconnaissance survey from different physiographic units, namely, pedons 1, 2 and 3 located on Piedmont Plain (PP), pedons 4, 5 and 6 on Rivera Alluvial Plain (RAP) and pedons 7, 8 and 9 on Low Lands (LL). Soils were described and classified based on soil survey manual and keys to soil taxonomy. Samples were air dried, crushed and passed through a 2mm sieve. Particle size distribution, organic matter, Calcium Carbonate Equivalent (CCE), pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and different forms of K (total, soluble, exchangeable and nonexchangeable) were determined. X-ray diffractograms were obtained through a Shimadzu XRD 6000 defractometer employing a Ni-filtered CuKa radiation source from oriented clay (40 kV, 30 mA). The content of clay minerals was estimated according to Biscaye method. Results and Discussion: All soil samples were calcareous, calcium carbonate content was between 10 and 17%, with relatively high clay content, ranging from 18 to 36%. Soil organic carbon contents were between 0.3 to 1.9%. Land use affected the amount of organic matter so the pedons located on piedmont plain showed more organic matter than other units. Variation in soil characteristics were considerable, which was most affected by physiography. The variation was also especially noticeable in clay minerals and K pools. Soluble K, ranging from 6 to 14 mg/kg, had higher content in piedmont plain than other units. Nonexchangeable k was between 345 to 545 mg/kg and piedmont plain had higher amount because of existing more illite. Exchangeable K, ranging between 278-416 mg/kg had highest content in piedmont plain and lowest content in river alluvial plain. The release rate of non-exchangeable K is the result of the type and particle size of K bearing minerals and soil conditions. The XRD data for the less than 2 μm fractions of the studied soils indicated that the soils were similar in their clay mineralogy, mainly consisted of illite, smectite, kaolinite and chlorite, but were different in content. Illite and smectite were higher in Piedmont Plain (PP) and Low Lands (LL) had higher content of smectite in comparison with River Alluvial Plain (RAP) due to low drainage condition. Several factors such as differences in geomorphological conditions and clay mineralogy between physiographic units caused the differences in K forms. The statistically significant relationship between clay content and most forms of k was because of high specific surface of clays. A highly significant positive relationship between non exchangeable K and illite content (r2 = 0.81, P < 0.001) suggested that these forms of K had mostly released from edge and wedge zones of illite. Conclusion: The relationship between K forms as a function of soil clay minerals and development can be used to determine the K storage of soils, prediction of the K cycle and K sorption by plants. The results of this study revealed that physiographic units, because of variation in degree of weathering, geomorphological and topographical conditions exhibited different amount of clay minerals and so different amounts of k forms. In fact, diversity of physiographic units, reflecting mainly on K-bearing minerals and clay content caused a noticeable difference in content, forms and distribution of K. Piedmont plain unit which occurred on a more stable landform position, contained a higher amount of all forms of k along with clay and illite. The statistically significant relationship between nonexchangeable k and illite content suggested that this form of k is greatly influenced by the presence of illite.
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نویسندگان مقاله پریسا علمداری |


ویدا کامرانی |


محمدحسین محمدی | mohammad hossein


نشانی اینترنتی http://jsw.um.ac.ir/index.php/jsw/article/view/34905
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