این سایت در حال حاضر پشتیبانی نمی شود و امکان دارد داده های نشریات بروز نباشند
متین (امام خمینی و انقلاب اسلامی)، جلد ۱۶، شماره ۶۳، صفحات ۲۱-۵۰
عنوان فارسی اتانازی در فقه و حقوق اسلامی با محوریت آرای امام خمینی(س)
چکیده فارسی مقاله  یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل حقوقی جهان تحت عنوان اتانازی (مرگ آسان) مورد بحث و مناقشه است. اتانازی پایان دادن به زندگی فردی، به درخواست خودش و به دست دیگری است که با نیت رهایی او از درد و رنج طاقت فرسا یا یک بیماری لاعلاج صورت می‌گیرد. اتانازی انواعی دارد که احکام مترتب برآن با یکدیگر متفاوت است. مهم‌ترین عنصر در اتانازی، رضایت مجنی‌علیه می‌باشد. اصل اولیه این است که رضایت مجنی‌علیه، مجوز جرم ارتکابی نمی‌باشد. در کلام فقها رضایت به قتل در قالب اذن یا امر به قتل خود، مطرح شده است که نظرات مختلفی در این زمینه وجود دارد. اتانازی که ویژگی اصلی آن رضایت می‌باشد، در هیچ کدام از استثنائات حقوقی قرار نمی‌گیرد. در مورد قتل نیز بدین گونه عمل می‌شود و بعضی از انواع اتانازی را می‌توان مصداقی از قتل عمدی دانست، مگر اینکه مشمول حکم استثنائی ماده 268 ق.م.ا شود. در مورد دایره شمول این ماده اختلاف نظر وجود دارد. مطابق این ماده برای اینکه رضایت مجنی‌علیه موجب سقوط قصاص یا دیه گردد، باید متعاقب عمل جانی، مجنی‌علیه اعلام عفو کند و الا مشمول این ماده نمی‌شود. در صورت عفو از قصاص از سوی مجنی‌علیه، اولیای دم نمی‌توانند مطالبه دیه کنند. اگر عمل مرتکب مشمول ماده فوق شود، نامبرده از بابت تعزیر، مشمول ماده 612 ق.م.ا خواهد شد.
کلیدواژه‌های فارسی مقاله اتانازی، ترحم، مجنی علیه، اتانازی فعال، اتانازی غیر فعال،
عنوان انگلیسی Euthanasia in Islamic Jurisprudence and Law Special Reference to Imam Khomeini’s Viewpoints
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله   Euthanasia is one of the most controversial issues of all societies today. Euthanasia means putting an end to the life of a person by himself or another person out of mercy to rescue the said person from unbearable pain and suffering or from an incurable disease. Euthanasia has different degrees and hence requires different decrees.  The most important element of euthanasia is the consent of the person whose life is to be taken. The first principle in this regard is that the consent of the person whose life is to be taken is not a permission for committing the offense. In jurisprudential discussions, consent to kill has been discussed within the framework of permission or order to kill, but the viewpoints of jurisprudents are different. Euthanasia, whose main feature is consent of the person whose life is at stake, does not fall within any legal exception. Death is also dealt in the similar manner and some kinds of euthanasia should be considered as an instance of intentional murder, except the ones falling within the scope of the Article 268 of Iranian Civil Code. There are differences of opinion about scope of inclusion of this article. According to this Article, for the condonement of the compensation or retaliation as a result of the consent of the person whose life is taken, after the criminal act (of killing out of mercy), the person against whom crime has been committed must forgive, otherwise the said article does not apply to it. If the person against whom crime has been committed forgives, the next of kin cannot ask for compensation. If the act (of killing) is included within the scope of the said article, the said person will be subject to Article 612 of the Iranian civil code regarding punishment.   Euthanasia is one of the most controversial issues of all societies today. Euthanasia means putting an end to the life of a person by himself or another person out of mercy to rescue the said person from unbearable pain and suffering or from an incurable disease. Euthanasia has different degrees and hence requires different decrees.  The most important element of euthanasia is the consent of the person whose life is to be taken. The first principle in this regard is that the consent of the person whose life is to be taken is not a permission for committing the offense. In jurisprudential discussions, consent to kill has been discussed within the framework of permission or order to kill, but the viewpoints of jurisprudents are different. Euthanasia, whose main feature is consent of the person whose life is at stake, does not fall within any legal exception. Death is also dealt in the similar manner and some kinds of euthanasia should be considered as an instance of intentional murder, except the ones falling within the scope of the Article 268 of Iranian Civil Code. There are differences of opinion about scope of inclusion of this article. According to this Article, for the condonement of the compensation or retaliation as a result of the consent of the person whose life is taken, after the criminal act (of killing out of mercy), the person against whom crime has been committed must forgive, otherwise the said article does not apply to it. If the person against whom crime has been committed forgives, the next of kin cannot ask for compensation. If the act (of killing) is included within the scope of the said article, the said person will be subject to Article 612 of the Iranian civil code regarding punishment.   Euthanasia is one of the most controversial issues of all societies today. Euthanasia means putting an end to the life of a person by himself or another person out of mercy to rescue the said person from unbearable pain and suffering or from an incurable disease. Euthanasia has different degrees and hence requires different decrees.  The most important element of euthanasia is the consent of the person whose life is to be taken. The first principle in this regard is that the consent of the person whose life is to be taken is not a permission for committing the offense. In jurisprudential discussions, consent to kill has been discussed within the framework of permission or order to kill, but the viewpoints of jurisprudents are different. Euthanasia, whose main feature is consent of the person whose life is at stake, does not fall within any legal exception. Death is also dealt in the similar manner and some kinds of euthanasia should be considered as an instance of intentional murder, except the ones falling within the scope of the Article 268 of Iranian Civil Code. There are differences of opinion about scope of inclusion of this article. According to this Article, for the condonement of the compensation or retaliation as a result of the consent of the person whose life is taken, after the criminal act (of killing out of mercy), the person against whom crime has been committed must forgive, otherwise the said article does not apply to it. If the person against whom crime has been committed forgives, the next of kin cannot ask for compensation. If the act (of killing) is included within the scope of the said article, the said person will be subject to Article 612 of the Iranian civil code regarding punishment.
کلیدواژه‌های انگلیسی مقاله
نویسندگان مقاله سید محمد موسوی بجنوردی |
استاد گروه فقه و حقوق و مدیر گروه حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تربیت معلم ( خوارزمی)، تهران، ایران

مریم رضوی نیا |
کارشناس ارشد فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی و اندیشه‌های امام خمینی از پژوهشکدة امام خمینی و انقلاب اسلامی

نشانی اینترنتی http://matin.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_60197_0fa9723f4f36c1be17abd588a6561519.pdf
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