| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Abstract
Traditional houses are shaped to adapt to the climate and culture, with designers emphasizing internal airflow. Evidence indicates that the physical elements of the courtyard can influence the natural ventilation process of the spaces surrounding the central courtyard. The research question is: What is the airflow pattern inside the central courtyard of the Suzangar House in Dezful, and what impact does it have on cultural characteristics? This study aims to investigate the natural ventilation in the central courtyard of the Suzangar House, as a representative of the Qibla courtyard typology, under the influence of external winds. This enables, in addition to airflow pattern analysis, the identification of the relationship between this pattern and cultural features. The present study is applied and interdisciplinary. The research method is mixed: initially, after reviewing traditional houses with central courtyards, pattern recognition and classification based on the courtyard’s orientation and direction were conducted, and the Soozangar House was selected. The physical elements of the central courtyard (courtyard orientation) were considered as the independent variable, and the airflow circulation pattern inside the central courtyard (flow velocity and direction) was considered as the dependent variable. These were measured experimentally using a data logger device during the research testing period. Subsequently, the data were simulated and analyzed by Gambit pre-processor and ANSYS Fluent software (after validation and reliability confirmation) through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods. Results indicate that Dezful’s traditional architecture, featuring central courtyards and spring porches (Baharkhab), supports activities around the central courtyard, which forms an integral part of Dezful’s cultural identity. The courtyard serves as a space for lighting, ventilation, and communication. The airflow inside the central courtyard forms a vortex pattern, providing adequate ventilation for the spring porches. Furthermore, considering the prevailing wind direction, the optimal building orientation is southeast with an approximate east-west elongation, which does not hinder airflow inside the building. The central courtyard, by fulfilling various roles in residents’ daily life, especially the spring porch as a gathering space influenced by the existing airflow, is recognized as a symbol of cultural identity. Attention to the presented results will improve the disorder and airflow circulation pattern inside the central courtyard, thereby enhancing more effective natural ventilation.
Research Method
The current research aims to investigate and analyze the behavior of the airflow inside the central courtyard and its surrounding spaces under the influence of outside wind in Dezful climate, under the influence of the architectural elements of the central courtyard to achieve the pattern of physical variables of native architecture for use in contemporary architecture. To achieve the purpose of the research, the following steps were taken: Considering the variety of houses in Dezful, according to the topic and purpose of the research, houses with a central courtyard were considered as a statistical population, among them, the Suzangar house was randomly selected and considering the amount access and the possibility of doing the next steps of the research were selected. Surveys and field observations were made in the test period using an experimental method from a case sample and their results were recorded. Dependent variables have been used by precise digital devices, i.e. thermometers and hygrometers. Then, after drawing the plans of the desired house, gridding was done with Gambit software and after defining the boundary conditions, numerical calculations and final simulations were done in Fluent software. Since the process of natural ventilation of these courtyards is considered in the research, therefore, the climatic performance of the central courtyards in question is only investigated from the point of view of natural ventilation.
Conclusion
In the typology of Dezful houses, most of these houses have thick walls and many semi-open spaces on the upper floors, and the hollow walls have good shading while maintaining privacy. According to the typology, the overall attention of the facade is toward the southeast to receive the right light and to avoid the west light. But the building method should be such that there is a possibility of natural ventilation and the composition of different spaces should facilitate it. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate this method of the building according to the direction of the building and the type of prevailing wind in order to determine the condition of internal airflow and natural ventilation. The first result obtained is that creating a movement path to enter the central courtyard and creating an entrance opening in the corner of the courtyard has helped to create a whirlwind flow in the middle of the courtyard. In other words, in the general state, regardless of the intensity and weakness in each state, after entering the alley leading to the entrance of the building, the wind enters from the corner of the yard and creates a vortex in the middle of the yard, which increases in height and passes through the terraces and the balcony of the building moves from the top of the building. Therefore, in general, we can conclude that the orientation and elongation of traditional houses in this climate cannot prevent the creation of airflow and natural ventilation, and in each of the prevailing wind conditions, there is airflow inside the house with different disturbances. In the meantime, based on the findings of the research, mode B has more optimal conditions during normal wind, if the wind is strong, option C is suggested.
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