Introduction: Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant, helps neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. This compound also has anti-inflammatory properties that may be effective in reducing neuroinflammation. For this reason, astaxanthin is recognized as a potential substance for protecting the central nervous system. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and unpredictable seizures. Traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury can also lead to severe neurological disorders. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are key factors in the pathophysiology of neurological lesions. In animal models, astaxanthin has been shown to reduce levels of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress, and increase antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. This compound decreases neuroinflammation by inhibiting various inflammatory pathways and reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These effects can be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of epileptic seizures. Astaxanthin prevents neuronal damage caused by seizures and helps tissue repair by reducing apoptosis and increasing neuronal survival. Conclusion: Studies suggest that astaxanthin may be effective in preventing and treating epilepsy and traumatic brain injury due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Further research is needed to determine effective and safe doses in humans.