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Journal of Medical Bacteriology، جلد ۱۳، شماره ۳، صفحات ۱۱۸-۱۳۰
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عنوان انگلیسی Nano-Encapsulation of Medicinal Plant Extracts in Iran (2019–2024): Techniques, Antibacterial and Antifungal Applications
چکیده انگلیسی مقاله Background:   Medicinal plant extracts are widely recognized for their antimicrobial properties, owing to phytochemicals such as flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, and phenolic acids. However, their clinical and industrial application is often limited by low solubility, high volatility, instability, and poor bioavailability. Nanoencapsulation has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations by enhancing solubility, stability, and controlled delivery of bioactives. This review comprehensively examines nanoencapsulation studies conducted in Iran between 2019 and 2024, focusing on the antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of encapsulated plant extracts. Results:   Five main encapsulation methods are reviewed: liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles (especially chitosan-based), and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. For each category, the plant extracts used, preparation techniques, physicochemical properties, and antimicrobial outcomes are presented. Overall, nanoencapsulation consistently improved antimicrobial performance. Additionally, encapsulated formulations exhibited improved stability, prolonged release, and in many cases, reduced cytotoxicity. Despite these advances, several internationally recognized techniques remain underutilized in Iranian research. These include dendrimer-based nanocarriers, phytosome systems, protein-based nanoparticles (e.g., zein, gelatin), and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), all of which have shown promising results elsewhere in enhancing delivery and antimicrobial synergy. Their adoption could broaden the functional potential of Iranian medicinal plants. Conclusion:   This review highlights nanoencapsulation as a transformative tool in enhancing the efficacy of herbal antimicrobials. It also identifies underexplored nano-carriers as strategic opportunities for future research and application in pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural settings.
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نویسندگان مقاله | Mohammadreza Jalehrokhnezhad
Department of Food Inductry, Isalimic Azad University, Sarvestan Branch, Fars Province, Iran.


| Javad Malakootikhah
Department of Nanobiotechnology, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
نشانی اینترنتی https://jmb.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmb/article/view/573
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