| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Abstract
Introduction and Objectives:
Many efforts have been made to combine the diverse capabilities of different plant species into a unique plant to increase the quantity and quality of the food product. Is. Based on this, scientists succeeded in producing triticale as a new pathogen by using a cross between wheat (Triticum spp) and rye (Secale cereale), which aims to increase the ability of wheat, as one of the most important food sources among grains in the world. It was to withstand harsh environmental conditions such as drought stress. Various studies show that this grain has a high potential to be used as a multipurpose product for direct human use or as a fodder product. Therefore, triticale can be considered as a potential product with special genetic conditions, whose performance is still far from its potential. According to the scientists of breeding science, creating diversity, whether natural or synthetic, in agricultural products and selecting genotypes with the highest performance and stability in different environments are among the main goals of studies in the field of breeding. It is also said that the stress tolerance of triticale genotypes is usually higher than wheat genotypes, and triticale is less affected by stress conditions and its yield will be higher than wheat. Resistance to drought stress is a complex process that includes a network of plant responses at the physiological and molecular levels that have not yet been properly discovered and understood, however, creating diversity and selecting genotypes and studying different traits will help scientists in this direction. . In the current study, different triticale genotypes produced by domestic scientists were cultivated and tested under different irrigation conditions to consider the possibility of introducing new cultivars resistant to drought stress and changing environmental conditions. In addition, in this research, the relationship between morphological traits and agronomic traits related to seed yield was evaluated using some advanced statistical methods in order to find possible traits suitable for indirect selection. The amount of different genetic, phenotypic and environmental indicators was also investigated in order to investigate the effect of environment and genetics on the traits.
Materials and Methods:
In order to reflect the effect of water deficit on triticale and the probability of screening some suitable genotypes tolerant to the drought stress, a study on nine triticale genotypes under four irrigation regimes in two years was carried out. These genotypes included Senabad, Pag, Juanillo, ET-85-4, ET-92-15, ET-92-18, ET-83-20, ET-85-17 and ET-83-18. In each year, four different irrigation regimes were applied with interruption of irrigation in three stages, including the flowering stage, the seed milky stage and the seed pulp stage, along with the control condition. In each year, a split plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three blocks (replication) was used every two years of the experiment (growing season 2018 to 2019) in the research station located in the research complex related to the Zarghan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Training Center, Fars, Iran, was performed. Different features including plant height, leaf angle, leaf weigh, total dry mater, spike length, spike weight, spike number, grain number, straw yield, harvest index, and grain yield were measured for all applied genotypes in this study. The data obtained from this experiment were first subjected to composite analysis of variance, and based on these calculations, year variance, environmental variance, genotypic variance, phenotypic variance, and test error variance were estimated. The analysis was performed in SAS-9.4-M6 software using a programming code stored on the GitHub website.
Results:
The results showed that lower number of irrigation and earlier withholding the water from the triticale plants can lead to a high decrease in productivity of triticale genotypes. Consequently, irrigation treatments and water availability are a significant factor for determining the type of breeding programs. Also, some genotypes showed a high potential for being considered for releasing cultivars. Under normal irrigation ET-83-20 and under severe water deficit ET-85-04 showed better performance than other genotypes. Estimation of genotypic features such as heritability and coefficient of variation showed that there is a high possibility and potential of producing cultivars with high productivity under either normal or stressed conditions.
Coclusion:
Overall results indicated that high heritability and significant association with grain yield for some features such spike weight, spike number, and grain number suggest that they are suitable feature for indirect screening and selection criteria. In addition, higher variation for triticale is required for finding genotypes with the best quality and quantity traits to be released as a new and proper cultivar to be cultivated in environments with changing conditions.
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