| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Extended Abstract
Introduction and objective: Oilseeds are one of the most important sources of energy all over the world. Rapeseed is an important crop that its oil has nutritional and high economic value. Rapeseed is one of the most important sources of vegetable oil in the world, and its seed contains more than 40% oil, and the meal obtained from oil extraction has more than 35% protein, and currently it ranks third among oil plants after soybean and oil palm in the world. By using new and high-yield varieties, the economic performance of rapeseed can be increased. Evaluating of promising advanced lines of soybean under different environmental conditions is essential in identifying and selecting superior lines with high and stable yield potential. The genotype × environment interaction is a major challenge in the study of quantitative characters because it reduces yield stability in different environments and also it complicates the interpretation of genetic experiments and makes predictions difficult. Therefore, it is very important to know the type and nature of the interaction effect and reach the verities that have the least role in creating interaction effects. Various methods have been introduced to evaluate the interaction effect, each of which examines the nature of the interaction effect from a specific point of view. The multivariate method of additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) is a method with suitable efficiency to investigate the interaction effect of genotype × environment and provides good information about the studied genotypes and environments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction effect of genotype × environment using the multivariate method of additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) to evaluate genotypes, environments, relationships between genotypes and environments, and finally to identify stable genotypes with high grain yield under different environmental conditions in rapeseed.
Material and Methods: 9 lines and 6 cultivars were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in six experimental field stations (Karaj, Kermanshah, Isfahan, Hamadan, Zarghan, and Qazvin) during two cropping seasons. To analyze genotype × environment interaction, was used the multivariate method of additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI). Plants were harvested at maturity and then the seed yield was recorded for each genotype at each test environment.
Results: Results of combined analysis of variance indicated that the effects of environments (E), genotypes (G) and genotype × environment (G×E) interaction were significant for seed yield. The Results of the combined analysis of variance indicated that 77.56, 3.96, and 18.48 percent of total variation were related to the environment, genotype and genotype × environment interaction effects, respectively. The results showed that the first four principal components of AMMI were significant and described 80.35% of the variance of genotype × environment interaction. The results showed that the average yield of studied genotypes was in the range of 2669 to 3398 with a total average of 3065 kg. ha-1. Genotypes G1 and G15 produced the lowest and highest seed yield, respectively. Also, the average seed yield of genotypes G3, G4, G6, G7, G8, and G9 was higher than the average seed yield. Based on the average of sum ranks (ASR), G2, G11, G6, and G9 genotypes with the lowest ASR value were the most stable, while G10, G12, G3 and G13 genotypes with the highest ASR value were the most unstable genotypes. Among the stable genotypes, G6 and G9 genotypes due to having higher average seed yield were recognized as genotypes with good seed yield and general compatibility. Also, the location Zarghan due to their high interaction was recognized as the most ideal environments for distinguishing and separating rapeseed genotypes. The cluster analysis classified the studied environments in three groups. Placing both years of Isfahan, Hamedan, Zarghan and Karaj locations in a group indicates that these locations had the high predictability and repeatability power.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the multivariate method of additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), G6 and G9 genotypes were better than the other genotypes for seed yield and stability and had a high general adaptation to all environments. Too, the results showed that the location Zarghan due to their high interaction was recognized as the most ideal environments for distinguishing and separating rapeseed genotypes. Generally, results showed the efficiency of the multivariate method of additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) to investigate the G×E interaction effect and provide good information about the studied genotypes and environments. |