| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
All diseases have a genetic component, but environmental conditions play a significant role in their development. In this study, databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies exploring the interplay between environmental and genetic factors in disease occurrence. The findings suggest that many disorders are multifactorial, with genetic predisposition not being the sole determinant of disease. Environmental factors can also influence health outcomes, leading to changes or diseases even in individuals with genetic susceptibility to a particular disorder. Therefore, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial for reducing disease risk and improving longevity. While efforts have long been made to attribute diseases to either genetic or environmental factors, the field of epigenetics has emerged as a key player in understanding human diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms have been recognized for their role in various complex conditions such as behavioral traits, memory, cancer, self-regulation, as well as neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review provides an overview of the history and classification of epigenetic changes, highlighting the significance of epigenetics in biology and its interaction with the environment. The impact of epigenetics on human diseases, particularly those with complex traits, is discussed, along with future prospects in the field. Life insurance companies are exploring ways to streamline the application process by incorporating technologies like genetic testing to assess health status. By presenting key concepts and examples, this review aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the role of epigenetics in human biology and diseases.
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