Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of blood cancer among adults. This disease is phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous. Genetic abnormalities cause neoplastic changes and clonal proliferation in this disease. Although AML is a rare malignancy, it accounts for about one third of diagnosed leukemias. Resistance to chemotherapy drugs is the main reason for treatment failure in AML. Recent advances and findings in the field of genetics and genetic changes in AML have led to the creation of new treatments and the hope of improving a greater percentage of patients/healts outcoms in the future. In this study, the role and importance of genetics in the diagnosis and selection of effective treatment methods in AML disease have been reviewed.