| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Background and purpose: Among personality disorders, borderline personality disorder has a high frequency and is seen in 30-60% of cases. Borderline personality disorder, which affects about 1-2% of the general population, is a severe mental disorder whose prominent features include: emotional instability, impulsivity, irritability, self-injurious behaviors, unstable interpersonal relationships, and significant deficiencies in the ability to regulate emotions. These behaviors occur due to problems in the parent-child relationship and parenting style in early childhood. These people usually suffer from neglect, inattention, or verbal abuse, or have been improperly trained. Sometimes a history of divorce, early death of parents, and traumas in the history of childhood can also be seen in the history of people suffering from this disorder. One of the underlying factors that play a role in people's tendency to have borderline personality disorder is distress tolerance. Distress tolerance is defined as how people respond to negative emotions and their ability to tolerate unpleasant internal states. Distress tolerance has a multidimensional nature and includes the dimensions of the ability to tolerate, evaluate, and capacity to accept the emotional state, the way of emotion regulation by the individual and the amount of attracting attention to negative emotions, and the amount of contribution to the occurrence of dysfunction. In this regard, the concept of distress tolerance as a psychological construct has a prominent role in the formation and continuation of psychological dysfunction and refers to the capacity of people to resist negative psychological conditions and is inversely related to the symptoms of borderline personality disorder. In general, people with borderline personality disorder have difficulty accepting their negative emotions, and this deficiency in the use of efficient emotional regulation strategies leads to the occurrence and exacerbation of more pathological symptoms in these people. In this research, the lack of emotion regulation can be related to distress tolerance and dyslexia in these people. The research conducted in this field so far have mostly been conducted on normal population or other disorders and to a lesser extent on borderline personality disorder patients. Also, previous studies regarding the mediating role of experiential avoidance have not considered this relationship. Therefore, in the present study, to compensate for the gap in previous studies, the relationship between these components was discussed, taking into account the role of experiential avoidance in patients with borderline personality disorder. Therefore, considering the high prevalence and negative effects of borderline personality disorders on the sufferer and the society, the importance of knowing this disorder as much as possible and identifying the predictors and variables of this disorder is felt. Therefore, the present study will be raised to answer this question; does enduring distress and childhood trauma play a role in predicting borderline personality disorder with the role of experiential avoidance as a mediator? Methodology: The present study was a correlational description in terms of its practical purpose and its main design. The statistical population of the present study included all male patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder hospitalized in the psychiatric hospitals of Shiraz in 2022. After receiving written permission, the necessary approvals from Fars University and Medical Sciences, and obtaining the code of ethics, by referring to the neurological and psychiatric hospitals of Shiraz city and using the purposeful sampling method, 60 patients died among the people in the mentioned society. They were selected with the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. In this way, they were selected from among the mentioned population who were found to have the diagnostic criteria of borderline personality disorder by a psychiatrist (diagnosis sheet), based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and structured diagnostic interviews, including SCID-1. The criteria for entering the research include: being male, age range from 18 to 40 years, having literacy, and diagnosis of a disorder according to the criteria of this study. Exclusion criteria from the research included: having psychotic and bipolar symptoms, suicidal ideation, and the presence of physical diseases. The tools that were used in this study included the following: research tools include Bernstein et al.'s childhood trauma questionnaire (2003), Simmons and Gaher's (2005) distress tolerance, Bond et al.'s (2011) experiential avoidance, and shortened scale. The symptoms of borderline personality disorder were Bohus et al. (2009). Data analysis was also analyzed by path analysis test and structural equations using PLS software. Findings: The findings showed that there is a significant and inverse relationship between distress tolerance and childhood trauma (R2=-0.330) and between distress tolerance and experiential avoidance (R2=0.298). There is a significant and positive relationship between childhood trauma and experiential avoidance (R2=0.711). Also, the findings showed that enduring childhood distress and trauma has a significant role in predicting borderline personality disorder. In addition, the findings showed that experiential avoidance plays a mediating role in the relationship between distress tolerance and borderline personality disorder. Conclusion: In general, it was concluded that experiential avoidance has a mediating role in predicting borderline personality disorder based on tolerance of distress and childhood trauma. The present study, like other studies, had limitations such as a non-random sampling method, self-reporting tools, a large number of items and difficulty in collecting the tools, low sample size, and limitations in generalizing the results. He also pointed out the effects of the coronavirus, the fatigue and the drop in performance of the subjects, as well as the non-uniformity of culture and different definitions of neglect and emotional abuse. It is suggested to other future researchers that researchers use the components of the current research on other age groups and non-clinical groups in their future research. The use of a random sampling method and the use of shorter versions of some questionnaires due to the reduction of response time and the effect of fatigue. It is also suggested that the components discussed in the current research should be investigated and compared in a causal-comparison study in comparison with normal people. It is suggested to the experts in this field that in working with people with borderline personality disorder, they should pay attention to the component of childhood trauma in addition to paying attention to distress tolerance as a model to reduce the severity of psychological complications. |
| نویسندگان مقاله |
رعنا شمولی سلح چینی | Rana Shmouli Salh Cheeni
MA Student in clinical psychology, Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
علی ناصری | Ali Naseri
Assistant Professor; Department of Psychology, Firozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firozabad, Iran
استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد فیروزآباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزآباد، ایران
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