| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
The Marashian government (Marashieh) had a Shia religion, they ruled from 760 to 906 AH in the Tabaristan region (now it is Mazandaran). During this period, the construction of mausoleums, shrines and elders of the Marashi government flourished. Unlike modern metal tombs most of them have wooden artifacts same as are in cenotaph mausoleum. These cenotaph mausoleums often have decorations with inscriptions. Fortunately, a number of them have been preserved due to the beliefs of Mazandaran region inhabitants, in accordance with the Shia religion. There is a need to say, that the Shiite religious rules of visiting tombs have caused the wooden artifacts preservation inside these buildings. Of course, another reason for the multiplicity of wooden cenotaph mausoleum is the abundance of wood as a raw material. Cenotaph mausoleums are often decorated with techniques such as gherh chini, wood carving with geometric and plant motifs, as well as inscriptions on them, the name of the builder, the date of construction and the financial patron. It seems that the use of these decorations on the Cenotaph mausoleum has been different, so that there are no similar technical and decorative examples. It seems that artists have imitated or imitated each other over the years by seeing each other's work, and in some of them, by adding individual creativity, has led to the emergence of new forms and decorative elements. Currently, many of these works have been destroyed or stolen for various reasons, which further highlights the need to address them. Based on this, the main question of the research can be posed in such a way that the 9th century AH wooden Cenotaph mausoleum in Mazandaran have undergone a transformation in the field of decorations and inscriptions. In this regard, the main goal is to study the process of change and developments in the construction of the 9th century AH wooden tomb in Mazandaran by relying on components such as: decorating techniques, framing type, composition, motifs and inscriptions. Based on the accessibility and historicity of the grave fund, 15 samples from different cities of the province are considered as the statistical population of the research. After explaining how the Marashian government emerged and describing the mausoleum construction motifs, and consequently the fund of wooden cenotaph mausoleum, each of the specimens is examined and all their characteristics are mentioned at the end of the table. As a result, it seems that the spread of the Shiite religion by the Marashians and the protection of religious and political figures in the form of the construction of the mausoleum tower can be one of the main reasons for the multiplicity of wooden cenotaph mausoleums. Collectively, in all cases studied, such as: general dimensions and form, framing, composition and type of drawing of plant and geometric patterns, structure of inscriptions, as well as technical items such as the shape of the engraving procedure, background texture and painting on wood we suppose that in the later examples of the works, in all cases, the carpenters achieved considerable maturity and perfection in the construction and decoration of the wooden Cenotaph mausoleum. |