| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
This study compares and contrasts self−knowledge from the perspective of Mashaand Eshragh. This research is theoretical and the methodology is documentary; thefindings are categorized in three groups: (1) these two perspectives have somesimilarities such as confession of the view that human is a being made of self andbody and self is an immortal abstract being with endless potentials and capacitiesand due to its interactive relations with body can , through education, get actualized;(2) these two perspectives are considerably different in terms of definitions,expressions, literature, realm, methodology, directionality, content, andconsequences; (3) the outcomes of the two perspectives are different in thefollowings: the ultimate aim in Masha philosophy is the happiness of human whilein Eshragh the ultimate aim of education is separation and disconnection form theattachments and material dependence and complete separation from non−God viewsso as sees God only and want him only; yet, the common educational principles inthe two philosophies are the principle of gradation, principle of consistency andcontinuity, moderation, affection, and munificence. But in Eshragh philosophyinternal orientation, attention to internal development, hereafter orientation, return tothe main homeland, and the softening the secret is also added and the educationalmethods in this school are indoctrination, reclusion, recitation, death remembranceand resurrection. |